In this article we will explore how satellite television works and also the amount of money flow associated with this broadcasting business. Towards the end of the discussion we will also explain interesting reasons why your TV broadcast does not require buffering such as videos that require an internet connection.

To properly understand satellite TV broadcasts we first need to know basic knowledge about the parts of the satellite and how a satellite moves, as you know that the earth revolves around the sun in elliptical orbits and the earth also rotates on its own axis.

You can see that the axis of rotation is not perpendicular to the surface of the elliptical orbit but rather skewed as shown. In order for Satellite TV to function, satellite must not move relative to your home. This means that the satellite must rotate at the same speed as the earth which means it will take 24 hours to complete one cycle.

Let's solve the equilibrium of the force of gravity and the centripetal force, using the velocity information it is clear that the orbital radius is needed by the satellite to reach the condition of no relative movement precisely 42164 km, this orbit known as a Geostationary Orbit. All satellites used for satellite TV must be parked in this orbit and the following display shows how crowded the current Geostationary Belt is.

Now let's find out a few things about the satellite itself, the energy needed for satellites comes mostly from solar panels, but if the satellite does not face the sun the battery pack will help to continue its operation. It is interesting to note that satellites have a small machine called "Thruster", the gravitational field experienced by satellites is not uniform because of irregularities on the surface of the earth and the presence of the moon and the sun. Thruster produces very little power to always maintain the orientation and position of the satellite remains correct.

The most important part of satellites for communication purposes is "Transponder". The transponder receives the signal from the base station on one frequency, amplifies the signal power, removes noise, and sends it back to earth at a different frequency. The Uplink frequency is always higher than the Downlink Frequency, visible antennas with different frequency bands, in general the Frequency Band 'Ku' is used for 'D2H'. This Ku Frequency Signal has the power that allows the use of smaller receiving antennas, in the past it was always the C Frequency Band signal that had lower energy that was used for television communications and that was the reason for the use of large antennas at that time. But the Ku Frequency Band signal is affected by rain, so scientists must overcome this problem by improving satellite technology.


Now that you know some basic information, let's look at how hundreds of TV channels reach your home through Satellite TV technology. Pay attention to CNN TV channels, they have video production facilities and continue to produce content for mass viewing 24 hours a day, we call it Program Source. This channel must be available at the same time on many satellite TV broadcast networks, we call it a DBS provider. To get it CNN must emit their signal to the leased transponder in its Geostationary Orbit. It should be noted that before sending a video signal, the source of the program includes advertisements at the appropriate point and this is the first source of income for the channel. Now CNN signals are generally available at one point and any DBS provider can access the signal once they have made a business agreement with the program source, so the DBS provider collects signals from many channels or program sources. At the broadcast center they unite all this content and do video formatting such as MPEG compression, bitrate standardization, and signal encryption. After that the DBS provider sends a signal to their rented transponder on the satellite. DBS providers rent out many transponders to handle the large amounts of data they have to send in this way around 300 to 400 channels will be available on one DBS satellite provider. Now the last phase in signal transmission is signal transmission to end users, here end users must send their satellite dishes to satellite providers of DBS.

You may already know that to provide different DBS there are different satellite dishes, even if all the satellite dishes are in the same location. This is because different providers may use different satellites to transmit their signals. The signal received by your satellite dish is encrypted to prevent piracy and only special cards in the Set Top Box will be able to encrypt again. Did you know if the event is live?

source : youtube. (2020, Juni 16). Ilmu Rekayasa